The Latin of Software Code Is Thriving

Caitlin Mooney is 24 years old and infatuated with technology that dates to the age of Sputnik.

Mooney, a recent New Jersey Institute of Technology graduate in computer science, is a fan of technologies that were hot a half-century ago, including computer mainframes and software called COBOL that powers them. That stuff won’t win any cool points in Silicon Valley, but it is essential technology at big banks, insurance companies, government agencies and other large institutions.

During Mooney’s job hunt, potential employers saw her expertise and wanted to talk about more senior positions than she was seeking. “They would get really excited,” Mooney told me. She’s now trying to decide between multiple job offers.

The resilience of decades-old computing technologies and the people who specialize in them shows that new technologies are often built on lots of old tech.

When you deposit money using your bank’s iPhone app, behind the scenes it probably involves computers that are the progeny of those used in the Apollo moon missions. (Also, half-century-old computer code is baked into the iPhone software.)

It’s often seen as a problem or a punchline that so much musty technology is still around. But it’s not necessarily an issue.

“If it ain’t broke, don’t fix it,” joked Ellora Praharaj, director of reliability engineering at Stack Overflow, an online forum popular with tech workers. “Students out of school these days don’t necessarily want to work in uncool older languages. But the reality of the world is this is what powers many of our existing systems.”

Praharaj said she learned COBOL in college in the mid-2000s and “hated it.” But until about five years ago, she was regularly using a 1950s computer programming technology called Fortran in a former job in the financial services industry. The old stuff is everywhere.

Latin is dead, but old computer programming languages like COBOL live on.

The typical salary for a COBOL programmer jumped 44 percent in the past year to nearly $76,000, according to a pay survey from Stack Overflow. The self-reported compensation is below that for people who use trendy software languages like Rust at $87,000, but it was the largest dollar increase in the survey.

(For the data fans among us: Stack Overflow said the survey had a significant sample size but wasn’t necessarily representative.)

All of this also shows that computer nerds are subject to basic supply and demand dynamics. There aren’t a bunch of people like Mooney who want to work on mainframes and COBOL; the continued need for their skills gives them power. A job hunter wanting “real-world” COBOL experience wrote recently on the tech bulletin board Hacker News, “COBOL devs are a specialized niche these days and they get paid accordingly.”

Of course, it would be hard to find anyone who believes Boomer technologies are the next big thing. Most university computer science programs don’t focus on mainframes, COBOL or Fortran.

Year Up, an organization that trains young adults for jobs in technology fields, told me that it discontinued training in COBOL. Potential employers asked Year Up to focus its curriculum on newer and more widely used software programming languages such as Java and Python.

Some people with years of experience in older tech say they worry they’ve boxed themselves out of jobs with more potential.

But computer science specialists told me that while they wouldn’t recommend young people devote themselves entirely to old technologies, they can be a useful foundation. Inevitably, today’s hot coding fads will be replaced by something new. The important skill is to learn how to keep learning, said Jukay Hsu, chief executive of Pursuit, a tech work force training venture.

Mooney became curious about computer programming while taking business courses at a community college. She said she started doing her accounting homework in Python “for fun.” When she took a course taught by a professor who specialized in COBOL, Mooney found that she liked it. She also felt welcomed by a community of computer mainframe die-hards who were eager to help a young novice.

“It was really, really great for building up my confidence and skill set,” Mooney said.

The irony is that the designers of COBOL never expected the software to last this long. As my colleague Steve Lohr wrote in an obituary for Jean Sammet, a designer of COBOL, the software’s pioneers expected it to be a useful stopgap until something better came along.

That was about 40 years before Mooney was born. The old stuff will probably be around after the next 40 years.

Before we go …

• How war bedeviled Russia’s “coolest company”: At Yandex — the Russian equivalent of Google mixed with Amazon, Spotify and Uber — employees and executives are divided over how to manage Russia’s demands to scrub the internet of the truth about the war in Ukraine, my colleague Neil MacFarquhar reported.

• An overhyped technology finds its groove: 3-D printers that spit out layers of material to form objects were once imagined as technology for our homes. Steve Lohr wrote that 3-D printing may be most promising for mass manufacturing products such as a complex part needed for cooling computer processors.

  In related news from Kevin Roose’s 2021 Good Tech Awards: Using 3-D printing to address the housing crisis.

• “Nobody knows how to watch movies anymore.” What just happened? I got distracted by a TikTok notification. Wired mulled over what we gain and lose from watching movies at home or on our phones. (A subscription may be required.)

Hugs to this

In southwestern Australia, a western spiny-tailed gecko is rooming with a possum family in a nest box. Scientists were surprised they’re all getting along nicely.